The Journey to Forgiveness

Overview

In recent years there has been an explosion of scientific research in forgiveness that provides tantalizing evidence of the power of forgiveness to enhance mental and physical health. Forgiveness is a cornerstone of most religious and spiritual traditions. This section explores the scientific research. It also profiles the “Way of Forgiveness” method developed by Dr. Stephen Post and explores the peace and forgiveness lessons of Azim Khamisa, who lost his only son Tariq to a senseless gang-related murder.

What is Forgiveness?

Often the way to discover the true definition of forgiveness is to realize what forgiveness is not. In “The Way of Forgiveness” chapter of Why Good Things Happen to Good People, Stephen Post, PhD, and Jill Neimark point out that the first lesson on the road to forgiveness is finding out what forgiveness really means. According to Robert Enright, professor of human development at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, forgiveness researchers universally agree that forgiveness is not:

Forgetting

Condoning

Excusing

Trusting without reason

Forgoing legal or financial reparation

Reconciling if it would in any way endanger the victim’s safety or health

Forgoing justice—which in itself requires courage, an important expression of love.

Post and Neimark cite the work of research psychologist Charlotte Witvliet of Hope College in Michigan. “One of the most common and mistaken arguments against forgiveness,” says Witvliet, “is that when you forgive someone you are showing them they can have their way. Why, people ask, should they give an offender such power? But forgiveness is not about giving away power. If you’re really good at forgiveness, a deeper excavation has to happen, and it requires courage as well as empathy.”

Based on Witvliet’s conception of forgiveness, then, a working definition would be:

Forgiveness is a powerful act. In order to forgive you must first tell the true story of exactly what happened, grieve it fully, and then turn away from grudges, bitterness, and the kind of ruminating that amplifies the story and gives it too much replay time. According to Witvliet’s research, the empathy and courage required for forgiveness enhance our sense of well-being and control. Forgiving responses calm the mind and body.

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The Science

Forgiveness plays a central role in Jewish, Christian, Islamic, Confucian, Buddhist, and Hindu thought. Cutting edge science on forgiveness is demonstrating the health benefits of this valued and long-held spiritual tradition of most communities of faith.

Today there are more than 1,400 scientific studies on forgiveness. Psychologists studying forgiveness have now outlined how forgiveness develops, what its benefits might be, and how to create effective forgiveness interventions. Here are highlights from the science of forgiveness:

• In a 2003 study by Neal Kraus at the Institute of Gerontology at the University of Michigan, for example, forgiving others unconditionally was linked to well-being even more strongly than forgiving others who have earned it through contrition and apology. (Why Good Things, page 79)
• A study from the University of Wisconsin at Madison found that adolescents with higher-than-average levels of anger benefited powerfully from a twelve-week forgiveness program. Anger was reduced and a follow-up study showed that those changes lasted. A study of teenage girls in Korea who were victims of bullying by peers and then became bullies themselves found similar healing results from a 12-week forgiveness program. (Why Good Things, page 79-80)
• Robert Enright, professor of human development at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, is teaching forgiveness in schools in violent areas like Belfast and Jerusalem, as well as an impoverished inner-city neighborhood in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In one school of 212 children, 100 were being treated for anxiety and depressive disorders. Those children who learned forgiveness went from clinical depression to being non-depressed. (Why Good Things, page 79)
• According to a study of 71 students by Charlotte Witvliet of Hope College in Michigan, the empathy and courage required for forgiveness enhance our sense of well-being and control. The students were asked to think of someone who had hurt them deeply and then asked to respond internally in forgiving or unforgiving ways. The emotions of forgiveness and unforgiveness produced marked short-term changes in the students’ physiological states. Witvliet stated: “Unforgiving imagery consistently prompts more negative, aroused self-reports and physiological stress responses. Ruminating about negative situations is linked to depression, anxiety disorders, and anger. Ruminating sustains the desire for revenge and re-creates the physiological stress of the original harm. It also reinforces the victim role, which is linked with passivity and failure. Forgiving responses calm the mind and body.” (Why Good Things, page 82)
• People who score high on forgiveness as a personality trait are less likely to be depressed, anxious, and hostile. Combat veterans suffering from PTSD suffer less depression and fewer symptoms of trauma if they are able to forgive themselves and others. (Why Good Things, page 80)
• When people are in a more forgiving state than usual, they report higher levels of satisfaction with life, fewer illness-related symptoms, and a better mood. (Why Good Things, page 80)
• A study by Neal Krause of the University of Michigan found that giving or generous behavior is a potent trigger for forgiveness, and particularly for African-Americans. Krause studied nearly 1,000 older adults and found that providing emotional support to others enhanced the ease with which African-Americans forgave themselves for their own mistakes. (Source: www.whygoodthingshappen.com)
• According to a 2003 study by Krause, forgiving others unconditionally is linked to well-being even more strongly than forgiving others who have earned it through contrition and apology. (Why Good Things, page 79)
• A 2005 study by Marina Butovskaya and her colleagues at the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology in Moscow, Russia, found that reconciliation and peacemaking lowered stress hormones in boys ages seven to eleven. Another study from Robert Enright found that learning forgiveness improved blood flow to the heart for veterans who were cardiac patients. (Why Good Things, page 80)
• New research shows that the degree to which romantic partners report having forgiven each other is linked to their mutual satisfaction and commitment.
• Humility, Egotism, Forgiveness, and the Victim Role: A 2002 study headed by Roy Baumeister at Florida State University revealed at least two pride-related barriers to forgiveness. First, forgiveness is more difficult for people who have a strong sense of narcissistic entitlement and second, self-righteousness, in which people cannot see their own potential for misdeeds. The research also highlighted a potential benefit of forgiveness: Forgiveness may facilitate self-control in the form of increased persistence on tasks, as suggested in two experiments. Forgiveness appears to free mental and/or emotional energy that helps people sustain good performance, even on tasks completely unrelated to the forgiveness situation. In terms of facilitating forgiveness.
• Baumeister’s studies have also consistently suggested that religious commitment is a strong predictor of forgiveness.. Across many studies using different methods, persons higher in religiosity showed greater valuing of forgiveness and more forgiving attitudes. Other experiments suggest that writing a letter to the person who offended the self may be an effective way to facilitate forgiveness, particularly if the letter does not take the form of merely venting anger. (A Campaign for Forgiveness Research, www.forgiving.org) Download PDF.
• Forgiveness at the End of Life: A 2002 headed up by Porter Storey of the Hospice at Texas Medical Center hypothesized that forgiveness at the end of life may provide a sense of inner peace with oneself and with others, provide an opportunity for personal growth, and assist the dying with a sense of completion and completeness. This study developed The Journey of Forgiveness: An Educational Program for Persons at the End of Life, a forgiveness intervention and instructor's manual for terminally ill cancer patients. The forgiveness manual and intervention are based on the process model of interpersonal forgiveness developed by Enright and the Human Development Study Group. Based on the qualitative interviews, study patients reported feeling less emotionally and physically troubled by the end of the study. The results of this pilot study provide preliminary support for the usefulness of an intervention to promote forgiveness, quality of life and hope among terminally ill cancer patients. (A Campaign for Forgiveness Research, www.forgiving.org) Download PDF.

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Lessons on the Way of Forgiveness From Dr. Stephen Post

Why Good Things Happen to Good People: The Exciting New Research that Proves the Link Between Doing Good Things and Living a Longer, Healthier, Happier Life

By Stephen Post, Ph.D, & Jill Neimark

(Broadway, 2008)

A longer life. A happier life. A healthier life. Above all, a life that matters—so that when you leave this world, you’ll have changed it for the better. If science said you could have all this just by altering one behavior, would you?

Dr. Stephen Post has been making headlines by funding studies at the nation’s top universities to prove once and for all the life-enhancing benefits of caring, kindness, and compassion. The exciting new research shows that when we give of ourselves, especially if we start young, everything from life-satisfaction to self-realization and physical health is significantly affected. Mortality is delayed. Depression is reduced. Well-being and good fortune are increased. In their life-changing new book, Why Good Things Happen to Good People, Dr. Post and journalist Jill Neimark weave the growing new science of love and giving with profoundly moving real-life stories to show exactly how giving unlocks the doors to health, happiness, and a longer life.

The astounding new research includes a fifty-year study showing that people who are giving during their high school years have better physical and mental health throughout their lives. Other studies show that older people who give live longer than those who don’t. Helping others has been shown to bring health benefits to those with chronic illness, including HIV, multiple sclerosis, and heart problems. And studies show that people of all ages who help others on a regular basis, even in small ways, feel happiest.

Why Good Things Happen to Good People offers ten ways to give of yourself, in four areas of life, all proven by science to improve your health and even add to your life expectancy. (And not one requires you to write a check.) The one-of-a-kind “Love and Longevity Scale” scores you on all ten ways, from volunteering to listening, loyalty to forgiveness, celebration to standing up for what you believe in. Using the lessons and guidelines in each chapter, you can create a personalized plan for a more generous life, finding the style of giving that suits you best.

The astonishing connection between generosity and health is so convincing that it will inspire readers to change their lives in ways big and small. Get started today. A longer, healthier, happier life awaits you.

Each chapter of Why Good Things Happen to Good People contains a wealth of scientific information, as well as practical exercises. The chapter titles include: “Find the Fire,” “the Love and Longevity Scale: Learn Ten Ways of Giving,” “the Way of Celebration: Turn Gratitude into Action,” “The Way of Generativity: Help Others Grow,” “the Way of Forgiveness: Set Yourself Free,” “the Way of Courage: Speak Up. Speak Out,” “The Way of Humor: Connect with Joy,” “The Way of Respect: Look Keeper and Find Value,” “the Way of Compassion: Feel for Others,” “the Way of Loyalty: Love Across Time,” “The Way of Listening: Offer Deep Presence,” “The Way of Creativity: Invent and Innovate,” and “Doing Good. Living Well: Your Life Program.”

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Forgiveness Exercises

Exercise #1: Forgiveness Brings Peace

The following exercise is from the Readers Group Guide section of website, www.whygoodthingshappen.com.

Step #1

Read the chapter, “The Way of Forgiveness” in Why Good Things Happen to Good People by Stephen Post, PhD, and Jill Neimark.

Step #2

Reflect on the following questions:

Who are the people in your life you need to forgive?
How can you forgive yourself for your own mistakes?
Can you begin to "craft your own quilt of forgiveness"?
Did your forgiveness quotient help you think about forgiveness in a new way?

Step #3

Share your reflections and discuss with your group.

Exercise #2: See Forgiveness as Good Medicine

“The Way of Forgiveness” chapter in Why Good Things Happen to Good People by Stephen Post, PhD, and Jill Neimark contains eight lessons in forgiveness and corresponding forgiveness exercises for each lesson. The lessons are:

• Lesson One: Find Out What forgiveness Really Means
• Lesson Two: Learn the Limits of a Grudge
• Lesson Three: First Forgive Yourself
• Lesson Four: See Forgiveness as Good Medicine
• Lesson five: Choose to Preserve
• Lesson Six: Shift Your Perspective
• Lesson Seven: Forgiveness is a Process
• Lesson Eight: Become the Good You With to Find

This section of the ISW web pages features the exercise for Lesson Four, See "Forgiveness as Good Medicine." (pages 88-90):

Overview:

Studies show that people who score high on forgiveness as a personality trait are less likely to be depressed, anxious, hostile, narcissistic, or exploitative and are also less likely to become dependent on drugs or nicotine. “High forgivers” (those who score high on forgiveness as a trait) show less reactivity in blood pressure and arterial pressure when asked about conflict with a parent or caregiver. In contrast, those who score low in forgiveness show high reactivity and poor recovery. In studies in which people were encouraged to forgive, there was increased self-esteem and hope. A few studies have shown that these benefits may lasts as long as a year.

Research shows that self-help and informal religious groups also help people forgive. Sixty-one percent of 1,400 Americans who participated in small, informal religious or self-help groups found themselves more able to forgive—and, in turn, more successful in overcoming addiction, guilt, and discouragement.

The Exercise:

Step #1

Consider—deeply—the other person. Setting aside your own hurt for now, ask yourself about the person who hurt you. What was it like for that person growing up? Did he or she have a difficult childhood? At the time this person hurt you, was he or she struggling with life issues or conflicts? Can you see this person as a member of the tribe of humanity? How about as a member of your community? Is this person worthy of compassion in any way? Does this person suffer and also need healing?

Step #2

Expand even the briefest moments of empathy. When you think of the person who hurt you, are you able to feel empathy or positive emotions for him or her, even if these emotions slip by quickly? If so, would you be willing to indulge those emotions for a few minutes a day and see whether this brings you a greater feeling of peace and wholeness?

Step #3

Regard, once again, the benefits of forgiveness. Reflect on all the benefits of forgiveness highlighted in this chapter. Think about the emotional relief to you will give yourself if and when you decide to forgive the deepest hurts of your life. Remember that it’s really difficult to hold inside yourself two opposing emotions at the same time, so that when you are in a forgiving state, you are unlikely to also be in a vengeful state. Understand forgiveness as a form of enlightened self-interest, a gift that you give yourself by learning whatever good lessons you can from an event.

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Journey of Forgiveness: Destination Peace

Lessons from Azim Khamisa’s “The Journey of Forgiveness: Destination Peace: Azim N. Khamisa (www.azimkhamisa.com) is founder, chairman, and CEO of the Tariq Khamisa Foundation (TKF) and author of From Murder to Forgiveness: A Father’s Journey. Khamisa lost his only son Tariq to a senseless gang-related murder and was able, not only to forgive, but to help others find their way to forgiveness and peace.

His advice includes:

• Acknowledge and go through your pain.
• Get rid of your resentment. Resentment is like drinking poison and waiting for your enemy to die.
• Reach out to the offender with love and compassion.
• Forgive.

The Secrets of the Bulletproof Spirit: How to Bounce Back from Life's Hardest Hits

By Azim Khamisa, Jillian Quinn

(Ballantine Books, 2009)

When life deals you a particularly difficult blow or a staggering loss, how do you handle it? If you’re like most, you might think Why me?, struggle to find your way, or lash out at those around you. But there are a select few who seem emotionally hardier, who are able to face life’s physical, emotional, and financial hits undeterred and perhaps even forge ahead, empowered in the face of adversity. These people aren’t more deserving or luckier than the rest of us; they simply think differently–they are connected with their steady inner self and find strength where others might see meaninglessness; they make life-affirming choices instead of defeatist ones. In short, they are spiritually bulletproof. They face as many of life’s slings and arrows as the rest of us, but they don’t succumb to hardship or misfortune. And you can be one of them.

In The Secrets of the Bulletproof Spirit, renowned peace activist Azim Khamisa and inspirational speaker Jillian Quinn reveal the thirty essential keys to emotional and spiritual resiliency. Based upon their own experiences with heart-wrenching loss, the strategies they present may seem simple, but their advice can open up a whole new way of thinking. Khamisa and Quinn will help you discover

• that your thoughts help to create your reality, and that you can use them to take control of your life
• the potentially damaging mental routines you’re running on autopilot
• the vital connections between your upbringing and your “resiliency quotient”
• spiritually affirming thoughts that may help you make more spiritually empowering choices

“What lies within you really is more powerful than any hit you may take physically, emotionally, or materially,” the authors write. With their help, readers will find themselves more confident and secure in a volatile and uncertain world. When you learn to identify most strongly with that invincible core–your bulletproof spirit–you tap into the truest source of security available to you. And while there’s no foolproof way to stay out of the proverbial line of fire, the information, inspiration, and tools in this book will provide you with an emotional bulletproof vest, a way to take hits and come out on top.

About the Authors

Azim Khamisa: Following the murder of his son in 1995, Azim Khamisa founded the Tariq Khamisa Foundation and the subsequent forgiveness movement, which has reached millions. In 2002, he received Search for Common Ground’s prestigious Award for Building Peaceful Communities. In 2004 he participated in the Synthesis Dialogues with His Holiness the Dalai Lama, and in 2006 he received the Spirit of Crazy Horse Award from the Reclaiming Youth Network. Azim is also the recipient of the California Peace Prize. He lives in La Jolla, California.

Jillian Quinn is an associate minister at the Interfaith Temple in New York City. She is a member of Spiritual Directors International and is a life and spiritual coach who has reached thousands across the country through her workshops and classes. She recovered from the loss of her third child late in pregnancy by traveling to the other side of the world to adopt a child who had lost her mother. She lives in Millbrook, New York, with her husband and three children.

Three Milestones

In the book, The Secrets of the Bulletproof Spirit, Azim Khamisa explores the Three Milestones of the forgiveness process. These are:

Step 1 – Acknowledge You Have Been Wronged

This refers to a grieving process that you have to go through.

Step 2 – Giving Up All Resulting Resentment

Azim Khamisa offers up the quote that Nelson Mandela made famous: “Resentment is like drinking poison and waiting for your enemy to die.” Azim states, “Why have such an important portion of your real estate, occupied by someone who has hurt you. Why don’t you forgive so that you can release that real estate so that love and joy can live there.

Step 3 – Reach Out to the offender with love and compassion.

“Not all of us have to reach out to the family of our son’s killer or to our child’s killer. Very often the issues are divorce, business partners, all kinds of situations in our society that you can reach out and forgive, but do it with love and compassion

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The CD: Forgiveness – The Crown Jewel of Personal Freedom

CD: Forgiveness-The Crown Jewel of Personal Freedom

By Azim Khamisa

Azim Khamisa takes you on your own personal journey to forgiveness in his 3 CD series that comes with your own workbook. He shares with you his 3-step process to forgiveness and how this will open you up to receive more love, peace and joy in your life. The Forgiveness – The Crown Jewel of Personal Freedom Workbook can be downloaded from the Azim Khamisa Home Page.

The Workbook: Forgiveness – The Crown Jewel of Personal Freedom

The workbook that accompanies the Forgiveness – The Crown Jewel of Personal Freedom CD is a free download at the Azim Khamisa Home Page. The workshop features a practical three-step approach to forgiveness. The introduction to the workbook states:

In many ways, activating the power of forgiveness in your life is like building a muscle that has not been strengthened for a while. In the beginning, you will have to practice the process and as you build your “forgiveness muscle” and through this regular activity, your muscle will develop more tone, integrity and coordination. In time, the process will become a much more natural part of your life.

Forgiveness is a state of being which can help you deal with painful incidents from your past in an honest direct way. It helps you to find the inner peace that can come from developing yourself and your attitudes beyond the state of automatic reactions or defenses. By adopting an attitude of forgiveness you allow yourself to release the excess baggage of toxic emotions such as HATE, ANGER, RAGE and RESENTMENT. Baggage that has been weighing you down and holding you back from experiencing more LOVE, JOY, PEACE, COMPASSION and FULFILLMENT.

An Exercise from the Workbook:

Directions:

Step #1

Download the Forgiveness – The Crown Jewel of Personal Freedom Workbook from the Azim Khamisa Home Page.

NOTE: LINK WORDS “Azim Khamisa Home Page” to:

http://www.azimkhamisa.com

Step #2

Take the Pre-Questionnaire Check-In on pages 9 and 10. The pre-questionnaire instructions state:

Think about one specific situation you want to transform through forgiveness.

Read each statement and rate each one based on the extent of your thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Circle the number that best matches where you are.

Step #3

After filling out the pre-questionnaire take the first steps on this journey to forgiveness by reflecting on and writing about your reactions the following:

After completing the pre-questionnaire check-in, write down where you feel you are on your path of forgiveness.

Identify the personal benefits you will receive if you choose NOT to forgive.

To begin the forgiveness process, at first we must identify what the personal benefits are to us and why we should embark on this journey. Identify the personal benefits you will receive for choosing to forgive.

Step #4

Continue to use the Workbook as a resource for yourself and your faith community’s journey to forgiveness. The next section of the Workbook invites you to explore the following:

Once we have chosen to embark on the forgiveness path we discover it becomes a journey where we have the opportunity to practice forgiveness. To assist us in being able to forgive the bigger situations where others have had a detrimental effect on our lives we will start with identifying 3 different situations where we want to practice forgiveness. Of the three you list below identify one minor incident, one moderate incident and one major incident where you would like to apply the process of forgiveness. Decide, now, what 3 people you want to forgive. This person can be living or deceased. It can be someone from far back in your past or from a current relationship. It can be someone you know casually or someone you know very well. The first 3 people that come to your mind are a good choice for this exercise. One of the people you choose can also be you.

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YOUTUBE Videos

Tariq Khamisa Foundation

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A Father Forgives Son's Killer (CBS)

Azim Khamisa told CBS’s Julie Chen he became a spokesperson for moving on after life's hardest hits after his son was killed during a gang shooting and found forgiveness for his son's killer. Watch the video:

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Public Forgiveness Workshops

The Journey of Forgiveness: Destination Peace is about living life fully and with joy. It shows you how to heal broken relationships and bring a deeper, more intimate connection with your existing relationships. It is about living life at a higher frequency - living life with happiness, meaning and exuding love and compassion to all the people in your lives and beyond. Says Azim: “I truly believe through forgiveness we can create peace in our lives, the lives of our families, community, country and the world.” Watch the video:

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Corporate Talks/Workshop

Expanding Productivity & Profitability with a Unified Workforce. In this workshop – dedicated to the environment of the corporate world - Azim Khamisa, an international banker with 30-years of experience, shows participants a practical, step-by-step process to unify their workforce, which in turn uplifts team morale, improves productivity and expands company profits. It’s true a team with like minds and goals can move a company forward to capitalize on unrealized potential and create a positive and enabling work environment that inspires all employees to perform at their zenith. This all happens because of this experiential and oft-times heart-mending workshop. Watch the video:

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LISTEN!

Forgiveness Meditation

The audio files below lead you to and explanation (preamble) and a meditation created by Azim Khamisa. It is designed to be used on your journey to forgiveness. Click on the links below to experience the meditation. It can also be linked to through the Azim Khamisa website.

• Preamble
• Meditation

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Help Keep the Need for Forgiveness at Bay

The following ideas were reprinted on the Azim Khamisa from the Internet Blog on www.ivillage.co.uk. These steps are designed to help keep the need for forgiveness at bay. They are common sense tips that help us staying in healthy relationship with others.

1. Carve out at least half an hour a night, and at least one day a month when you the two of you spend time exclusively together.
2. Encourage your partner to listen to you, by showing appreciation when they do. By the same token, show interest when they talk to you.
3. Learn to do the one thing that is most likely to restore good feelings in your relationship - giving your partner a genuine, loving and approving smile.
4. Hidden resentments poison a relationship; so if something bothers you, say it. Remember that while men are wary of emotional conversations, they love to find solutions. Women could express a problem and then ask him to help her find the answer.
5. Research suggests you need five positive experiences to erase the memory of one negative experience. So give five kind words for each negative comment. Give five hugs for each cold shoulder.

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An Invitation to Share Your Knowledge

We at the Institute for Spirituality & Wellness want our web pages to reflect the best practices used by communities of faith. We invite you to share practices and techniques that you are successfully using for dealing with forgiveness. We also invite you to send us your suggestions for improving and expanding these web pages.

Please contact Mary Montgomery at This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

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Resources

Why Good Things Happen to Good People: The Exciting New Research that Proves the Link Between Doing Good and Living a Longer, Healthier, Happier Life by Stephen Post, PhD, and Jill Neimark (Broadway, 2008)

Why Good Things Happen: The website for the Why Good Things Happen to Good People book features quizzes and a Reader Group Guide full of thought provoking exercies.

A Campaign for Forgiveness Research: This website is a place to learn about scientific research into forgiveness. Forgiveness that is offered, received, or observed can bring the power of forgiveness into your own world.

The Secrets of the Bulletproof Spirit: How to Bounce Back from Life’s Hardest Hits by Azim Khamisa, Jillian Quinn (Ballantine Books, 2009)

Azim Khamisa: Teaching How to Achieve Peace & Prosperity Through the Practice of Forgiveness: Through workshops, keynote speeches and consulting, Azim Khamisa - who started the Tariq Khamisa Foundation in honor of his son - carries the message that peace can be restored, no matter what has gone before. His simple 3-step process untangles the mystery behind forgiveness and sets people free to enjoy a life full of richness and meaning.

From Forgiveness to Fulfillment by Azim Khamisa (2007): This is a sequel to Azim's first book, Azim's Bardo: From Murder to Forgiveness, beautifully illustrates how Azim has found fulfillment through forgiveness, detailing the evolution of a father dedicated to healing not only his heart but also the wounds of our society.

Azim's Bardo: From Murder to Forgiveness by Azim Khamisa (2009): A compelling true story of a father's journey from the initial shock of the loss of his son to forgiving the murderer who took his son's life. A journey that will take you from anger to forgiveness, peace and wisdom.

YOUTUBE VIDEOS:

• Tariq Khamisa Foundation
• A Father Forgives Son's Killer (CBS)
• Public Forgiveness Workshops
• Corporate Talks/Workshop

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